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Spain Mini Explorer: The Essential Visitors' Guide

Area: 505,988 sq km (195,363 sq miles); includes Spanish North Africa.
Population: 44.1 million (official figures, 2005).
Population Density: 87.15 per sq km.
Capital: Madrid. Population: 5.5 million (2005).
Government: Parliamentary Monarchy since 1978.
Spain shares the Iberian peninsula with Portugal and is bordered tothe north by the Pyrenees, which separate Spain from France. TheBalearic Islands (Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera), 193km (120miles) southeast of Barcelona, and the Canary Islands off the westcoast of Africa are part of Spain, as are the tiny enclaves of Ceutaand Melilla on the north African mainland. With the exception ofSwitzerland, mainland Spain is the highest and most mountainous countryin Europe, with an average height of 610m (2000ft). The Pyreneesstretch roughly 400km (249 miles) from the Basque Country in the westto the Mediterranean Sea; at times the peaks rise to over 1524m(5000ft), the highest point being 3404m (11,169ft). The main physicalfeature of Spain is the vast central plateau, or Meseta,divided by several chains of sierras. The higher northern area includesCastille and León, the southern section comprises Castile/La Mancha andExtremadura. In the south, the plateau drops abruptly at the SierraMoren a, beyond which lies the valley of Guadalquivir. Southeast ofGranada is the Sierra Nevada, part of the Betic Cordillera, which runsparallel to the Mediterranean, rising to 3481m (11,420ft) and thehighest point on the Spanish peninsula (the Pico del Teide on Tenerifein the Canaries is the highest peak in Spain). The Mediterraneancoastal area reaches from the French frontier in the northeast down tothe Straits of Gibraltar, the narrow strip of water linking theMediterranean with the Atlantic and separating Spain from North Africa.
Language: Spanish (Castillian), Catalan (in the northeast), Galician (in the northwest) and Basque (in the north).
Religion: There is no official religion, but the majority of the population is Roman Catholic.
Time: Mainland Spain/Balearics: GMT + 1 (GMT + 2 from last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October).
The Canary Islands: GMT (GMT + 1 from last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October).
Social Conventions: Spanish life hasundergone rapid change in recent years and many of the stricterreligious customs are giving way to more modern ways, particularly inthe cities and among women. Nonetheless, many old customs, manners andtraditions have not faded and hospitality, chivalry and courtesy remainimportant. Handshaking is the customary form of greeting. Normal socialcourtesies should be observed when visiting someone's home. If invitedto a private home, a small gift is appreciated. Flowers are only sentfor special celebrations. Conservative casual wear is widelyacceptable. Some hotels and restaurants encourage men to wear jackets. A black tie is only necessary for very formal occasions and is usuallyspecified if required. Outside resorts, scanty beachwear should beconfined to beach or poolside. The evening meal is taken late, generally 2100-2200. The Spanish have two family names; in conversation only the first should be used. A new law banning smoking in offices, shops, schools, hospitals, cultural centres and on public transport wasintroduced on 1 January 2006.
Electricity: 220 or 225 volts AC, 50Hz. Generally, round two-pin plugs and screw-type lamp fittings are in use.

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