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Italy Mini Explorer: The Essential Visitors' Guide

Area: 301,338 sq km (116,346 sq miles).
Population: 58.1 million (UN estimate 2006).
Population Density: 192.8 per sq km.
Capital: Rome. Population : 2.6 million (2005).
Government: Kingdom of Italy declared in 1861. Republic since 1946.
Italy is situated in Europe and attached in the north to theEuropean mainland. To the north, the Alps separate Italy from France,Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia.
Northern Italy: The Alpine regions, the Po Plain and the Ligurian-Etruscan Appennines.Piedmont and Val d'Aosta contain some of the highest mountains inEurope and are good areas for winter sports. Many rivers flow down fromthe mountains towards the Po Basin, passing through the beautifulItalian Lake District (Maggiore, Como, Garda). The Po Basin, whichextends as far south as the bare slopes of the Appennines, is coveredwith gravel terraces and rich alluvial soil and has long been one ofItaly's most prosperous regions. To the east, where the River Po flowsinto the Adriatic Sea, the plains are a little higher than the riveritself; artificial (and occasionally natural) embankments preventflooding.
Central Italy: The northern part ofthe Italian peninsula. Tuscany (Toscana) has a diverse landscape withsnow-capped mountains (the Tuscan Appennines), lush countryside, hillsand a long sandy coastline with offshore islands. Le Marche, lyingbetween the Appennines and the Adriatic coast, is a region ofmountains, rivers and small fertile plains. The even more mountainousregioni (administrative districts) of Abruzzo and Molise are borderedby Marche to the north and Puglia to the south, and are separated fromthe Tyrrhenian Sea and to the west by Lazio and Campania. Umbria isknown as the 'green heart of Italy'; hilly with broad plains, olivegroves and pines. Further south lies Rome, Italy's capital and largestcity. Within its precincts is the Vatican City.
Southern Italy: Campania consists of flat coastal plains and low mountains, stretchingfrom Baia Domizia to the Bay of Naples and along a rocky coast to theCalabria border. Inland, the Appennines are lower, mellowing into therolling countryside around Sorrento. The islands of Capri, Ischia andProcida in the Tyrrhenian Sea are also part of Campania. The south iswilder than the north, with mile upon mile of olive trees, cool forestsand rolling hills. Puglia, the 'heel of the boot', is a landscape ofvolcanic hills and isolated marshes. Calabria, the 'toe', is heavilyforested and thinly populated. The Calabrian hills are home to bearsand wolves.
The Islands: Sicily (Sicilia),visible across a 3km (2-mile) strait from mainland Italy, is fertilebut mountainous with volcanoes (including the famous landmark of MountEtna) and lava fields, and several offshore islands. Sardinia(Sardegna) has a mountainous landscape, fine sandy beaches and rockyoffshore islands.
Language: Italian is the official language. Dialects are spoken in different regions. German and Ladinare spoken in the South Tyrol region (bordering Austria). French is spoken in all the border areas from the Riviera to the area north of Milan (border with France and Switzerland). German is spoken around the Austrian border. English, French and German are also spoken in the biggest cities and in tourism and business circles.
Religion: 90% Roman Catholic with Protestant minorities.
Time: GMT + 1 (GMT + 2 from last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October).
Social Conventions: The social structure is heavily influenced by the Roman Catholic church and, generally speaking, family ties are stronger than in most other countries in Western Europe. Normal social courtesies should beobserved. Dress is casual but smart in most places, and beach wear should be confined to the beach. Conservative clothes are expected when visiting religious buildings and smaller, traditional communities. Formal wear is usually indicated on invitations. Smoking is prohibited in public buildings, transport and cinemas.
Electricity: 230 volts AC, 50Hz.

Popular Destinations in Italy

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